最高人民法院民事审判庭关于单位担任监护人是否承担赔偿责任的电话答复
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最高人民法院民事审判庭关于单位担任监护人是否承担赔偿责任的电话答复
最高人民法院民事审判庭关于单位担任监护人是否承担赔偿责任的电话答复
1989年8月30日，最高法院民事审判庭
江苏省高级人民法院研究室：
你院关于民法通则第一百三十三条第二款“但单位担任监护人的除外”如何理解的请示，经研究并与人大法工委民法室联系了解，其立法原意是单位不承担赔偿责任，对于具体案件，可依照上述立法原意根据具体情况妥善处理。
以上意见，供参考。
附：江苏省高级人民法院对于单位担任监护人是否承担赔偿责任的请示 苏法研〔1989〕35号
最高人民法院：
《民法通则》第一百三十三条第一款规定：“无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人造成他人损害的，由监护人承担民事责任，监护人尽了监护责任的，可以适当减轻他的民事责任。”第二款规定：“有财产的无民事行为能力人、限制民事行为能力人造成他人损害的，从本人财产中支付赔偿费用，不足部分，由监护人适当赔偿，但单位担任监护人的除外。”目前，在审判实践中对“单位担任监护人的除外”有两种不同的理解。
一种意见认为，单位担任监护人的，不是适当赔偿，而是全部赔偿，其理由是：（1）《民法通则》规定监护人应承担民事责任，单位既然担任监护人，就应该承担民事责任；（2）民事权利和民事义务是一致的，监护人有行使监护的权利，也应当负担监护的责任，不能只享受权利，不承担义务和责任；（3）保护公民、法人的合法权益是《通则》的一项原则，如果被监护人侵犯了公民、法人的合法权益，担任监护人的单位却不对不足部分加以赔偿，就不能有效地保护公民、法人的合法权益；（4）如果不要求担任监护人的单位承担一定的民事责任，单位就可以不认真履行监护义务，任凭被监护人造成他人损害，不利于社会安定；（5）个人的赔偿能力远远不如单位，因此，个人适当赔偿。而单位对不足部分应全额赔偿。
另一种意见认为：单位担任监护人的不承担赔偿责任，其理由是：（1）监护人对被监护人履行监护职责，实质上是一种义务承担，至于监护人在履行监护职责时，能否要求支付报酬？对此，《民法通则》没有明文规定，但从第十八条“除为被监护人的利益外，不得处理被监护人的财产”的规定来看，我国的监护制度，只能认为是义务性质的。（2）被监护人的近亲属承担监护义务，与因婚姻家庭关系而产生的权利义务相一致。（3）《民法通则》关于监护人顺序的排列，体现了对未成年人、精神病人的监护责任，主要应当由其近亲属承担的立法精神。《民法通则》将单位列为排列最后的监护人，则是在没有近亲属、朋友作监护人的条件下，为避免出现未成年人、精神病人得不到监护的情况而发生的，出发点既然不同，其承担的监护责任也应有所区别，对于近亲属来说，他们和被监护人之间，原本就存在着婚姻家庭立法上的权利义务关系，担任监护人是他们的法定义务，因此，近亲属监护人对被监护人造成他人损害的，应当承担较多的赔偿责任是顺理成章的事，对于其他亲属、朋友来说，他们原本就没有承担监护责任的义务，仅仅是出于社会道义而自愿承担的，因此在被监护人造成他人损害时，他们的赔偿责任比近亲属监护人应适当减轻，对于单位担任监护人，他们体现着社会主义国家对人民群众负责的精神。是从全社会的利益出发承担起监护责任的。因此，在被监护人造成他人损害时，从他们担任监护人的性质以及所处的监护人序列来看，都不应当理解为比近亲属，比其他亲属、朋友担任监护人要负更重的赔偿责任，从立法本意来考虑，只能理解为在这种情况下，单位不承担赔偿责任才比较合理。
我们倾向于上述第一种意见，当否，请批示。
1989年2月16日
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JOINT DECLARATION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE QUESTION OF HONG KONG ——附加英文版
JOINT DECLARATION OF THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND AND THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA ON THE QUESTION OF HONG KONG
WHOLE DOCUMENT
Government of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern
Ireland
the Government of the People's Republic of China have reviewed
with
sfaction the friendly relations existing between the two
Governments
peoples in recent years and agreed that a proper negotiated
settlement
he question of Hong Kong, which is left over from the past, is
con-
ve to the maintenance of the prosperity and stability of Hong Kong
and
he further strengthening and development of the relations between
the
countries on a new basis. To this end, they have, after talks
between
delegations of the two Governments, agreed to declare as follows:
he Government of the People's Republic of China declares
that to
ver the Hong Kong area (including Hong Kong Island, Kowloon and
the
Territories, hereinafter referred to as Hong Kong) is the
common
ration of the entire Chinese people, and that it has decided to
resume
exercise of sovereignty over Hong Kong with effect from 1 July
1997.
he Government of the United Kingdom declares that it will restore
Hong
to the People's Republic of China with effect from 1 July 1997.
he Government of the People's Republic of China declares
that the
c policies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong
are
ollows:
Upholding national unity and territorial integrity and taking
account
he history of Hong Kong and its realities, the People's
Republic of
a has decided to establish, in accordance with the
provisions of
cle 31 of the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, a
Hong
Special Administrative Region upon resuming the
exercise of
reignty over Hong Kong.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be directly
under the
ority of the Central People's Government of the People's
Republic of
a. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will enjoy
a high
ee of autonomy, except in foreign and defence affairs which are
the
onsibilities of the Central People's Government.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will be
vested with
utive, legislative and independent judicial power, including
that of
l adjudication. The laws currently in force in Hong Kong will
remain
cally unchanged.
The Government of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
will be
osed of local inhabitants. The chief executive will be
appointed by
Central People's Government on the basis of the results of
elections
onsultations to be held locally. Principal officials will be
nominated
he chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
for
intment by the Central People's Government. Chinese and
foreign
onals previously working in the public and police services
in the
rnment departments of Hong Kong may remain in employment. British
and
r foreign nationals may also be employed to serve as advisers or
hold
ain public posts in government departments of the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region.
The current social and economic systems in Hong Kong will
remain
anged, and so will the life-style. Rights and freedoms,
including
e of the person, of speech, of the press, of assembly, of
association,
ravel, of movement, of correspondence, of strike, of
choice of
pation, of academic research and of religious belief will be
ensured
aw in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region. Private
property,
rship of enterprises, legitimate right of inheritance and
foreign
stment will be protected by law.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will retain the
status of
ee port and a separate customs territory.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will retain the
status of
nternational financial centre, and its markets for foreign
exchange,
, securities and futures will continue. There will be free
flow of
tal. The Hong Kong dollar will continue to circulate and remain
freely
ertible.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region will have
independent
nces. The Central People's Government will not levy taxes on the
Hong
Special Administrative Region.
The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region may establish
mutually
ficial economic relations with the United Kingdom and other
countries,
e economic interests in Hong Kong will be given due regard.
Using the name of "Hong Kong, China", the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region may on its own maintain and develop
economic and
ural relations and conclude relevant agreements with states,
regions
relevant international organizations. The Government of the
Hong Kong
ial Administrative Region may on its own issue travel
documents for
y into and exit from Hong Kong.
The maintenance of public order in the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region will be the responsibility of the Government
of the
Kong Special Administrative Region.
The above-stated basic policies of the People's Republic of
China
rding Hong Kong and the elaboration of them in Annex I to this
Joint
aration will be stipulated, in a Basic Law of the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region of the People's Republic of China, by the
National
le's Congress of the People's Republic of China, and they will
remain
anged for 50 years.
he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
blic of China declare that, during the transitional period
between the
of the entry into force of this Joint Declaration and 30 June
1997,
Government of the United Kingdom will be responsible
for the
nistration of Hong Kong with the object of maintaining and
preserving
economic prosperity and social stability; and that the
Government of
People's Republic of China will give its cooperation
in this
ection.
he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
blic of China declare that, in order to ensure a smooth
transfer of
rnment in 1997, and with a view to the effective
implementation of
Joint Declaration, a Sino-British Joint Liaison Group will be set
up
this Joint Declaration enters into force; and that it
will be
blished and will function in accordance with the provisions of
Annex
o this Joint Declaration.
he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
blic of China declare that land leases in Hong Kong and other
related
ers will be dealt with in accordance with the provisions of Annex
III
his Joint Declaration.
he Government of the United Kingdom and the Government of the
People's
blic of China agree to implement the preceding declarations
and the
xes to this Joint Declaration.
his Joint Declaration is subject to ratification and shall enter
into
e on the date of the exchange of instruments of ratification,
which
l take place in Beijing before 30 June 1985. This Joint
Declaration
its Annexes shall be equally binding. Done in duplicate at
Beijing on
ecember 1984 in the English and Chinese languages, both texts
being
lly authentic.
the For the
rnment of the United Kingdom Government of the
reat Britain and Northern Ireland People's Republic of China
rate Thatcher Zhao Ziyang
ANNEX I: ELABORATION BY THE GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF
CHINA OF ITS BASIC POLICIES REGARDING HONG KONG
Government of the People's Republic of China elaborates the
basic
cies of the People's Republic of China regarding Hong Kong as set
out
aragraph 3 of the Joint Declaration of the Government of the
United
dom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland and the Government of
the
le's Republic of China on the Question of Hong Kong as follows:
Constitution of the People's Republic of China stipulates in
Article
hat "the state may establish special administrative
regions when
ssary. The systems to be instituted in special administrative
regions
l be prescribed by laws enacted by the National People's
Congress in
light of the specific conditions." In accordance with this
Article,
People's Republic of China shall, upon the resumption of the
exercise
overeignty over Hong Kong on 1 July 1997, establish the Hong
Kong
ial Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China.
The
onal People's Congress of the People's Republic of China shall
enact
promulgate a Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
he People's Republic of China (hereinafter referred to as the
Basic
in accordance with the Constitution of the People's
Republic of
a, stipulating that after the establishment of the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region the socialist system and socialist policies
shall
be practised in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region and
that
Kong's previous capitalist system and life-style shall
remain
anged for 50 years.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be directly
under the
ority of the Central People's Government of the People's
Republic of
a and shall enjoy a high degree of autonomy. Except for foreign
and
nce affairs which are the responsibilities of the Central
People's
rnment, the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be
vested
executive, legislative and independent judicial power, including
that
inal adjudication. The Central People's Government shall
authorise the
Kong Special Administrative Region to conduct on its own
those
rnal affairs specified in Section XI of this Annex.
government and legislature of the Hong Kong Special
Administrative
on shall be composed of local inhabitants. The chief executive
of the
Kong Special Administrative Region shall be selected by
election or
ugh consultations held locally and be appointed by the
Central
le's Government. Principal officials (equivalent to Secretaries)
shall
nominated by the chief executive of the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region and appointed by the Central People's
Government.
legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
shall be
tituted by elections. The executive authorities shall abide by
the law
shall be accountable to the legislature.
ddition to Chinese, English may also be used in organs of
government
in the courts in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
t from displaying the national flag and national emblem
of the
le's Republic of China, the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
use a regional flag and emblem of its own.
r the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region,
laws previously in force in Hong Kong (i. e. the common law, rules
of
ty, ordinances, subordinate legislation and customary law)
shall be
tained, save for any that contravene the Basic Law and subject
to any
dment by the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region legislature.
The
slative power of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
shall be
ed in the Legislature of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region.
legislature may on its own authority enact laws in accordance with
the
isions of the Basic Law and legal procedures, and report them to
the
ding Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
Laws
ted by the legislature which are in accordance with the Basic Law
and
l procedures shall be regarded as valid.
laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall be the
Basic
and the laws previously in force in Hong Kong and laws enacted
by the
Kong Special Administrative Region legislature as above.
r the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region,
judicial system previously practised in Hong Kong shall be
maintained
pt for those changes consequent upon the vesting in the courts
of the
Kong Special Administrative Region of the power of
final
dication.
cial power in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
shall be
ed in the courts of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
The
ts shall exercise judicial power independently and free
from any
rference. Members of the judiciary shall be immune from legal
action
espect of their judicial functions. The courts shall decide
cases in
rdance with the laws of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
may refer to precedents in other common law jurisdictions.
Judges of
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region courts shall be
appointed by
chief executive of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
acting
accordance with the recommendation of an independent
commission
osed of local judges, persons from the legal profession and
other
ent persons. Judges shall be chosen by reference to their
judicial
ities and may be recruited from other common law
jurisdictions. A
e may only be removed for inability to discharge the functions
of his
ce, or for misbehaviour, by the chief executive of the
Hong Kong
ial Administrative Region acting in accordance with the
recommendation
tribunal appointed by the chief judge of the court of final
appeal,
isting of not fewer than three local judges.
Additionally, the
intment or removal of principal judges (i. e. those of the
highest
) shall be made by the chief executive with the endorsement of
the
Kong Special Administrative Region legislature and reported
to the
ding Committee of the National People's Congress for the record.
The
em of appointment and removal of judicial officers other than
judges
l be maintained.
power of final judgment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
l be vested in the court of final appeal in the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region, which may as required invite judges from
other
on law jurisdictions to sit on the court of final appeal.
osecuting authority of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
l control criminal prosecutions free from any interference.
he basis of the system previously operating in Hong Kong, the
Hong
Special Administrative Region Government shall on its
own make
ision for local lawyers and lawyers from outside the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region to work and practise in the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region.
Central People's Government shall assist or authorise the Hong
Kong
ial Administrative Region Government to make appropriate
arrangements
reciprocal juridical assistance with foreign states.
r the establishment of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region,
ic servants previously serving in Hong Kong in all
government
rtment, including the police department, and members of the
judiciary
all remain in employment and continue their service
with pay,
wances, benefits and conditions of service no less
favourable than
re. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region government
shall pay
uch persons who retire or complete their contracts, as well
as to
e who have retired before 1 July 1997, or to their dependants,
all
ions, gratuities, allowances and benefits due to them on terms
no less
urable than before, and irrespective of their nationality or
place of
dence.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region Government may employ
British
other foreign nationals previously serving in the public
service in
Kong, and may recruit British and other foreign nationals
holding
anent identity cards of the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region to
e as public servants at all levels, except as heads
of major
rnment departments (corresponding to branches or
departments at
etary level) including the police department, and as deputy
heads of
of those departments. The Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region
rnment may also employ British and other foreign nationals as
advisers
overnment departments and, when there is a need, may recruit
qualified
idates from outside the Hong Kong Special Administrative
Region to
essional and technical posts in government departments,
The above
l be employed only in their individual capacities and, like
other
ic servants, shall be responsible to the Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region Government.
appointment and promotion of public servants shall be on the basis
of
ifications, experience and ability. Hong Kong's previous
system of
uitment, employment, assessment, discipline, training and
management
the public service (including special bodies for appointment, pay
and
itions of service) shall, save for any provisions providing
privileged
tment for foreign nationals, be maintained.
Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall deal on its own
with
ncial matters, including disposing of its financial
resources and
ing up its budgets and its final accounts. The Hong Kong
Special
nistrative Region shall report its budgets and final accounts to
the
ral People's Government for the record. The Central
People's
rnment shall not levy taxes on the Hong Kong Special
Administrative
on. The Hong Kong Special Administrative Region shall
use its
ncial revenues exclusively for its own purposes and they shall
not be
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关于印发《上海市超限高层建筑抗震设防管理实施细则》的通知
关于印发《上海市超限高层建筑抗震设防管理实施细则》的通知
沪建建[2003]702号
各有关单位：
为加强本市超限高层建筑抗震设防管理，根据《超限高层建筑工程抗震设防管理规定》（建设部令第111号）和《上海市建设工程抗震设防管理办法》（上海市人民政府令第113号），特制订《上海市超限高层建筑抗震设防管理实施细则》，现予印发。
上海市建设和管理委员会
二ＯＯ三年九月十日
上海市超限高层建筑抗震设防管理实施细则
第一条 为贯彻落实建设部《超限高层建筑工程抗震设防管理规定》，规范本市超限高层建筑抗震设防管理工作，特制定本细则。
第二条 本细则所称超限高层建筑工程，是指超出现行规范、规程及技术标准规定，以及现行规范、规程及技术标准规定中明确应专门研究的新建、改建、扩建及进行抗震加固的高层建筑工程（详见附件一）。
第三条 上海市建设和管理委员会负责本市超限高层建筑工程抗震设防的管理工作，上海市工程抗震办公室负责本市超限高层建筑工程抗震设防管理工作的具体实施。
第四条 设计单位应对超限高层建筑予以判定，在初步设计阶段由初步设计主审部门征询上海市工程抗震办公室意见，上海市工程抗震办公室负责超限高层建筑初步设计抗震设防专项审查。
第五条 上海市建设工程抗震设防审查专家委员会由高层建筑工程抗震的勘察、设计、科研和管理专家组成，由上海市建设和管理委员会聘任，对抗震设防专项审查意见承担相应的审查责任。
第六条 上海市建设工程抗震设防审查专家委员会组织专家进行审查，提出书面审查意见，上海市工程抗震办公室应当自接受超限高层建筑初步设计抗震设防专项审查全部申报材料之日起20个工作日内，将审查意见提交初步设计主审部门。
第七条 审查难度大或审查意见难以统一的超限高层建筑工程，可由上海市工程抗震办公室邀请有关专家参加审查，或委托全国超限高层建筑工程抗震设防审查专家委员会进行审查，提出专项审查意见，并报国务院建设行政主管部门备案。
第八条 建设单位提交的超限高层建筑工程初步设计抗震设防专项审查资料，应当符合超限高层建筑初步设计抗震设防专项审查送审文件的要求（见附件二）。
第九条 超限高层建筑工程的抗震设防专项审查内容包括：建筑抗震设防设计依据、抗震设防分类、抗震设防烈度（或者设计地震动参数）、场地勘察成果和抗震性能评价、地基和基础的设计方案、建筑结构的抗震概念设计、主要结构布置、建筑设计与结构设计的协调、采用的计算程序、结构总体计算和关键部位的计算结果和分析判断、薄弱部位的抗震措施、以及可能存在的结构抗震安全问题等。
第十条 超限高层建筑工程抗震设防专项审查费用（包括组织审查、结构分析及试验等）由建设单位承担。
第十一条 超限高层建筑工程的勘察、设计、施工、监理，应当由具备甲级（一级）及以上资质的勘察、设计、施工和工程监理单位承担，其中建筑设计和结构设计应当分别由一级注册建筑师和一级注册结构工程师承担。
第十二条 未经超限高层建筑工程抗震设防专项审查，初步设计审查不予通过，有关部门不得对超限高层建筑工程施工图设计文件进行审查。
第十三条 超限高层建筑工程的施工图设计文件审查应当由具有超限高层建筑工程施工图设计审查资格的施工图设计文件审查机构承担。
第十四条 建设单位、勘察单位、设计单位应当按照超限高层建筑初步设计抗震设防专项审查意见进行超限高层建筑工程的勘察、设计；施工图设计文件审查时应当检查设计是否执行抗震设防专项审查意见和采取相应的抗震措施；未执行专项审查意见的，施工图设计文件审查不予通过。
第十五条 违反本规定，未按照抗震设防专项审查意见进行超限高层建筑工程勘察、设计的，或者施工图设计文件未经审查或者审查不合格，擅自施工的，按国家和本市的法律、法规和规章对有关单位责令其改正，并予以处罚；造成损失的，依法承担赔偿责任。
第十六条 国家机关工作人员在超限高层建筑工程抗震设防管理工作中玩忽职守，滥用职权，徇私舞弊的，依法给予行政处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第十七条 本细则自二○○三年十月一日起实施。
超限高层建筑的界定
一、建筑高度超过下表高度限值（单位：米）的高层建筑。
结构体系
抗震设防烈度
6度
7度
8度
钢筋混凝土框架
60
55
45
钢筋混凝土短肢剪力墙
100
100
60
钢筋混凝土框架-剪力墙
130
120
100
钢筋混凝土剪力墙
全部落地剪力墙
140
120
100
部分框支剪力墙
120
100
80
钢筋混凝土筒体
框架-筒
150
130
100
筒中筒
180
150
120
钢筋混凝土板柱-剪力墙
40
35
30
钢结构框架
110
110
90
钢结构框架-支撑（抗震墙板）
220
220
200
钢结构筒体（框筒、筒中筒、桁架筒、束筒）和巨型框架
300
300
260
钢框架-钢筋混凝土筒体
220
190
150
钢筋混凝土错层结构
100
80
60
二、同时具有下述三项及其以上不规则的高层建筑：
（一）楼层的最大弹性水平位移（或层间位移）大于该楼层两端弹性水平位移（或层间位移）平均值的1.2倍；
（二）建筑平面长宽比抗震设防烈度7度大于6.0，抗震设防烈度8度大于5.0；
（三）结构平面凹进或凸出的一侧尺寸（从抗侧力构件截面中心算起）大于相应投影方向总尺寸的30%；
（四）结构平面突出部分长度超过连接宽度；
（五）楼板的尺寸和平面刚度急剧变化，例如，有效楼板宽度小于该层楼板典型宽度的50%，或开洞面积大于该层楼面面积的30%；
（六）等效剪切刚度小于相邻上层的70%，或小于其上相邻三个楼层等效剪切刚度平均值的80%；
（七）除顶层或裙房（辅楼）高度小于主楼20%外，局部收进的水平向尺寸大于相邻下一层的25%；
（八）下部楼层水平尺寸小于上部楼层水平尺寸的0.9倍，或整体外挑尺寸大于4m；
（九）带转换层（抗震设防7度转换层位于5层以下，抗震设防烈度8度转换层位于3层以下）、加强层、或错层（错层高度≥600mm或梁高）等复杂结构的高层建筑（任一类型按一项不规则计）；
（十）抗侧力结构的层间受剪承载力小于相邻上一层的80%。
三、不规则程度为下列情况之一的高层建筑：
（一）结构平面凹进或凸出的一侧尺寸（从抗侧力构件截面中心算起）大于相应投影方向总尺寸的40%；
（二）结构平面突出长度超过连接宽度抗震设防烈度7度时为2倍，抗震设防烈度8度时为1.5倍；
（三）结构平面为角部重叠的平面图形或细腰形平面图形，其中角部重叠面积小于较小图形的25%，细腰形平面中部两侧收进超过平面宽度50%；
（四）楼板的尺寸和平面刚度急剧变化，例如，有效楼板宽度小于该层楼板典型宽度的40%，或开洞面积大于该层楼面面积的35%（包括错层）；
（五）等效剪切刚度小于相邻上层的60%，或小于其上相邻三个楼层平均值的70%；
（六）除顶层或裙房（辅楼）高度小于主楼20%外，局部收进的水平向尺寸大于相邻下一层的30%；
（七）下部楼层水平尺寸小于上部楼层水平尺寸的0.8倍，或整体外挑尺寸大于5m；
（八）转换层位置超过《高规》规定的高位转换层的结构（即抗震设防烈度7度：5层及其以上，抗震设防烈度8度：3层及其以上）；
（九）错层结构（错层高度≥1200mm）、连体结构、或多塔楼高层建筑；
（十）抗侧力结构的层间受剪承载力小于相邻上一层的65%；
（十一）塔楼位置明显偏置的大底盘（裙房）高层建筑；
（十二）厚板转换的高层建筑；
（十三）巨型结构的高层建筑；
（十四）单跨框架结构的高层建筑；
（十五）超出规范规定的混合结构体系（如下部为钢筋混凝土结构、上部为钢结构）的高层建筑。
四、采用新的结构材料、新的结构体系或新的结构抗震技术的高层建筑。
超限高层建筑初步设计抗震设防专项审查送审文件要求
一、工程项目的基本情况：包括建设单位、工程名称、建设地点、建筑面积、勘察单位及资质、设计单位及资质、联系人和联系方式。
二、设计依据：包括采用的规范、规程及其版本。
三、岩土工程勘察报告基本数据：包括场地类别、液化指数和判别、土层剖面、土层主要物理力学指标及结构时程分析的地震动参数等。
四、抗震设防标准：包括抗震设防类别、抗震设防烈度或设计地震动参数。
五、各主要部位设计使用荷载的选用。
六、地基基础设计概况：包括基础类型、持力层、基础埋深、地下室底板和顶板的主要截面、桩型和单桩承载力，承台或底板的主要截面、地基的沉降计算量。
七、建筑结构布置和选型：包括主楼高度和层数、出屋面高度和层数、裙房高度和层数、结构高宽比、防震缝的设置（类型、位置和净宽）；结构体系的选择。
八、建筑超限情况的判别：包括建筑高度超限，结构平面和竖向不规则程度，以及复杂结构情况等。
九、结构分析输入和输出数据：包括二个以上计算软件及其版本、结构分析输入的地震动参数（抗震设防烈度、设计基本地震动加速度、建设场地设计特征周期）、结构阻尼比、结构构件材料强度、混凝土结构抗震等级、周期折减系数、地震作用修正系数、内力调整系数、输入地震动时程曲线名称和频谱特征曲线、楼层质量、各楼层质量中心与刚度中心的偏心率、裙房与塔楼质心的偏心、结构总重力和总地震作用、各楼层侧向刚度与其相邻上部楼层侧向刚度及与其相邻上部三层平均侧向刚度之比、结构分析采用的振型数、质量参与比、各振型特征的判断及以扭转为主振型周期与以平动为主振型周期的比值、各楼层最大层间位移与层高的比值、各楼层最大水平位移（层间位移）与该楼层平均水平位移（层间位移）的比值、计算简图、计算单元划分及弹性楼板区域的选定、墙体承担的倾覆力矩比、柱和剪力墙最大轴压比、梁最大剪压比。
十、计算结果的分析，时程分析与反应谱法的结果比较，结构抗震薄弱部位的分析和相应措施。
十一、初步设计文件及基本抗震构造，包括建筑平面（含总平面）、立面、剖面图，基础平面图和结构布置图，混凝土和钢材的强度等级（品种），楼、屋面板厚度，关键部位梁柱的截面尺寸、配筋率和配箍率，墙体和筒体的厚度，边缘构件配筋，短柱分布范围和数量，错层、连体、转换构件和加强层的主要构造。
十二、设计参照使用的国外有关抗震设计标准、工程实例与震害资料及计算程序。
十三、送审设计文件和资料均应由设计人员签章，并加盖设计单位初步设计出图章和一级注册结构工程师注册章。
十四、按规定要求进行抗震试验研究的，应提供抗震试验研究报告。
